If one was to name the most influential psychiatrists of all time, the default answer is Sigmund Freud, right? After all, he started this whole psychoanalysis thing.
But psychoanalysis, which was the therapy of choice for the the beginning of the 20th century, started to decline in influence and usage in the 1940s. All those latent desires were deemed a tad less important. (Sorry, latent desires!) So psychiatrists turned to behaviorism, and later to cognitive therapy.
The man behind cognitive theory is not as well-known as Freud, but perhaps he should be. Aaron Beck, whose parents were Jewish immigrants from Ukraine, pioneered the method in the 1960s. Beck realized that more often than not, psychological difficulties stem from the patient's own thoughts. The key to therapy is to help correct these distortions.
Since coming up with the theory, Beck helped expand it into cognitive behavior therapy. CBT is the most common practice in the world today.
So even if the title no longer belongs to Freud, it's safe to say that the most influential psychiatrist of all time is still a Jew.